(Example)

In the following situation, you want to calculate the angle made by the air table, using the following measured values:

Value Uncertainty
h1 7.5 cm ± 0.1 cm
h2 15.3 cm ± 0.1 cm
l 65.3 cm ± 0.1 cm

The value of the angle, , is found using Sin-1[(h2-h1)/l]

1 to find the uncertainty on (h2 -h1), we add the absolute uncertainties on h1 and h2:
(h2-h1) = 7.8 ± 0.2 cm

2 to find the fractional uncertainty on (h2-h1)/l, we must add the fractional uncertainties on (h2-h1) and l, and then multiply by the value itself in order to get the absolute uncertainty:

3 Finally to find the uncertainty on the angle, you must use the upper-lower bound method:

The final answer for the angle is 6.9˚ ± 0.2˚.

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